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Ionising radiation

Environmental Radioactivity - Medicine - Occupational Radiation Protection - Nuclear Hazards Defence

Ionisierende Strahlung

NORM: Further information for specialists

Compared to the natural background content of soils, NORM show an enhanced content of naturally occurring radionuclides. Here, we offer assistance to estimate the radiation exposure of workers in relevant industrial sectors involving NORM as well as in recycling or disposal facilities in Germany. Depending on the recycling option, a dose estimation for members of the public has to be taken into account.

Simplified dose estimation

When dealing with NORM, workers within a factory where these residues arise, and also those outside - at recycling or disposal facilities - can be subject to increased radiation exposure. Even the general public can be affected by increased radiation exposure from recycling or disposal. How can this radiation exposure be estimated in a simplified manner and how can it if applicable be reduced?

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Laws, reports, studies, guidelines

Further information for specialists: a selection of further reading on the subject of "naturally occurring radioactive materials" (NORM).

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© Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz

On April 25th, 2017 the operating duties and responsibilities for the Konrad repository were transferred to the BGE, the Federal Company for Radioactive Waste Disposal. Therefore this archival page of the Federal Office for Radiation Protection has not been updated since April 24th, 2017. You find current information about the Konrad repository at www.bge.de/en/konrad