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Electromagnetic fields
- What are electromagnetic fields?
- Static and low-frequency fields
- Radiation protection relating to the expansion of the national grid
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Optical radiation
Ionising radiation
- What is ionising radiation?
- Radioactivity in the environment
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- What are the effects of radiation?
- Effects of selected radioactive materials
- Consequences of a radiation accident
- Cancer and leukaemia
- Genetic radiation effects
- Individual radiosensitivity
- Epidemiology of radiation-induced diseases
- Ionising radiation: positive effects?
- Risk estimation and assessment
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Nuclear accidents
In the history of the civil utilisation of nuclear energy there have also been accidents in nuclear facilities. The causes of the accidents have very much differed. Nuclear accidents can, for example, be caused by the failure of technical components, by human error or by natural disasters. As a result of a nuclear accident a significant level of radioactive substances is released. This can effect health and environment.
The most known nuclear accidents leading to massive releases of radioactive substances into the environment occurred in Chernobyl/Ukraine in 1986 and in Fukushima/Japan in 2011.