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Electromagnetic fields
What are electromagnetic fields?
Static and low-frequency fields
What are static and low-frequency electric and magnetic fields?
Direct and alternating voltage
Application/occurrence
Power supply & traffic systems
Transformer station
Household appliances & electrical installations
Induction hob
Display screens
Anti-theft devices
Other applications
Everyday field strain
Effects of static and low-frequency fields
Effects of static fields
WHO risk assessment
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Precaution
Occupational safety
Reports & Evaluations
Energy saving lamps
Static magnetic fields and human health
Radiation protection relating to the expansion of the national grid
Basics transfer of electrical power
What are high-voltage lines?
Electric and magnetic fields
Field strain due to high-voltage lines
High-voltage direct current transmission
Effects
Established effects
Discussed effects of low-frequency fields
Further environmental effects
Protection
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European limit values and regulations
Precaution
High-frequency fields
What are high-frequency fields?
Applications high-frequency fields
Overview
BOS radio system
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Cordless equipment connections
Baby monitors
Radio and television
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Effects
Biological effects due to energy absorption and heating
Other possible biological effects
IARC evaluation of high-frequency fields
Protection
Limit values
Occupational safety

Radiation protection in mobile communication
What is mobile communication?
High-frequency electromagnetic fields
Mobile terminals
GSM standard
UMTS
LTE
Effects
Biological effects due to energy absorption and heating
Other possible biological effects
Protection
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Research programme "Mobile Communication" (DMF)
Mobile phones in a railway compartment
Options for lowering the emission
Mobile phone use and male fertility
Danish Cohort Study
New frequencies
Optical radiation
What is optical radiation?
UV radiation
What is UV radiation?
Sun – but safe!
What is solar radiation?
UV radiation and ozone
Sunbeds
Effects of UV radiation
Acute effects
Protection against UV radiation
Why protection against UV radiation?
Tips on UV protection
UV protection through clothing
UV protection for the eyes
UV protection for the skin
UV protection alliance
UV index
What is the UV index?
UV forecast
UV index worldwide
UV monitoring network
Infrared radiation
What is infrared radiation?
Application/occurrence
Effects

Laser
What is laser radiation?
Applications in daily life and in technology
Applications in medicine and cosmetics
Biological effects
Ionising radiation
What is ionising radiation?
Radioactivity in the environment
Where does radioactivity occur in the environment?
What is the level of natural radiation exposure in Germany?
Air, soil and water
Monitoring of the gamma dose rate
Cosmic radiation during flights
Trace measurements in the air
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Radon
What is radon?
Radon in the soil
Radon in buildings
Health effects
Measures to provide protection against radon
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Foodstuffs
What radionuclides can be found in food?
Natural radioactivity in food
Radiation exposure via food intake
Radiation exposure of mushrooms and game
Building materials
Natural radionuclides in building materials
Clay as building material
Granite plates used in households
Relics
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Industrial residues (NORM)
What are NORM residues?
Residues from drinking-water treatment
Residues from deep geothermal energy
Specialist information NORM
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Control center for quality assurance
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Radiation applications and pregnancy
Alternative imaging techniques
Diagnostic reference values
Radiotherapy
What is radiotherapy?
Types of radiotherapy
Radiation protection in medicine: international activities
Applications in daily life and in technology
Radioactive radiation sources in Germany
International Workshop on the security of sealed radioactive sources
Register high-level radioactive radiation sources
Type approval procedure pursuant to RöV and StrlSchV
... pursuant to X-Ray Ordinance
... pursuant to Radiation Protection Ordinance
Cabin luggage security checks
Radioactive materials in watches
Ionisation smoke detectors (ISM)
Effects
What are the effects of radiation?
Effects of selected radioactive materials
Polonium-210
Plutonium
Uranium
Consequences of a radiation accident
Cancer and leukaemia
Introduction
Childhood leukemia
Genetic radiation effects
Individual radiosensitivity
Epidemiology of radiation-induced diseases
Ionising radiation: positive effects?
Risk estimation and assessment
Radiation protection
Basic informations
Principles of radiation protection
From activity to dose
Atomic bombings: radiation protection
Occupational radiation protection
Occupational radiation protection at international level
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Radiation Protection Register
This is how monitoring works
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What happens in an emergency?
Federal and state tasks
In the event of an emergency
Protection of the population
Radiation exposure
Psychosocial consequences
Decision support systems
Measuring networks
Germany: IMIS
Worldwide: CTBTO International Monitoring System
Other international measuring networks
Exercises for emergency situations
Nuclear plant emergency response exercises
Helicopter-borne Measurement Exercises
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Defence against nuclear hazards
ZUB
"Dirty bomb"

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Dose estimation at the BfS
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Wismut uranium miners cohort study
European radiobiology archives (ERA)
German Mobile Communication Research Programme (DMF)
Selected research results
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Low frequency fields - hematopoeitic and immune system
BfS research projects on the effect of strong static magnetic fields
Health effects of TETRA
German Mobile Communication Research Programme (DMF)
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Dose coefficients to calculate radiation exposure

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BfS research programme

BfS research programme

The Radiation Protection Research Programme describes the medium term research and development planning in the field of radiation protection for 2013 to 2017.

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Comparison of the electric and magnetic fields produced by overhead lines and underground cables

Research programme on "Radiation Protection in the Process of Power Grid Expansion"

In connection with energy transition the existing electricity grids are expanded and upgraded. In this process issues concerning radiation protection have to be considered from the beginning. The Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS) is making an important contribution with its research programme on "Radiation Protection in the Process of Power Grid Expansion".

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